Eukaryotic - have a nucleus
-Body Plan -mostly unicellular, some multicellular (algae)
-Divergent event -
-80 different groups have long, independent evolutionay histories that go back to more than 2 billion years ago
-Some show that they are derived from complex bacterial ancestors
-Many of the groups are not closely related to one another at all
-Start and foundation of kingdoms fungi, plantae, and animalia
-Metabolism- autotrophic and heterotrophic
-Heterotrophic – flagellates (animal-like, ingest food, mobile)
-Autotrophic – algae (green, red, brown, golden)
-Digestion- intracellular
-No consistent digestive tract
-Some protists like paramecium use cilia to move particles from its mouth pore and into its gullet
-Food pinches off into vacuoles that move through the cytoplasm
-Waste comes out through the anal pore
-Food pinches off into vacuoles that move through the cytoplasm
-Waste comes out through the anal pore
-Amoeba digest through endocytosis and produce waste through exocytosis
-Photosynthesis in algae
-Circulation- no heart
-Respiration- no lungs, but oxygen and materials are transported through protists through diffusion
-Nervous- no brain
-Reproduction – asexual, sometimes sexual
-Binary fission
-Conjugation, where the only diploid cell is the zygote
-undergoes meiosis
-All other cells are formed by mitosis
-undergoes meiosis
-All other cells are formed by mitosis
Examples-
-Plasmodium (causes malaria)
-Macrocystis (giant kelp)
-one of most complex protists
-one of most complex protists
Phylum: Ciliaphora
-Have tiny hair-like structures called cilia that beat back and forth
-Enables the protist to move through aquatic environment & capture food
-Ten pairs of microtubules
-9+2 config, nine pairs form circle, tenth pair in circle
-9+2 config, nine pairs form circle, tenth pair in circle
-Animal-like
Example- Paramecium
Phylum: Euglenophyta
-Live in water
-Have two flagella for movement
-Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
-Heterotrophs if kept in dark
-Heterotrophs if kept in dark
-Eyespot for sensing light and dark
-Pellicle - like a cell wall, helps maintain shape
-Plant-like
Example - Euglena
Phylum: Rhodophyta
-Red algae
-Presence of the pigment phycoerythrin, reflects red light and absorbs blue
-Different concentrations of the pigment
-Important in the formation of tropical reefs
-Plant-like
Example - Nori (sushi seaweed) contains a high vitamin and protein content
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